Civil Engineering

An Investigation of the Effects of Using Titanium Dioxide Sludge as a Partial Replacement of Cement in Concrete

In the construction industry concrete is employed as a most significant material which is made up of composite material. Humans are moving towards a situation which involves in facing a shortage in the production of construction products, which will lead to huge exploitation of natural resources at varying stages, as a consequence of the sudden rise in demand for construction products is due to the massive growth in the sector of infrastructure boost-age worldwide at different levels. On the other side, a number of companies produce enormous amounts of sludge, which is frequently dumped as garbage and contributes to the planet’s severe pollution. To identify a different approach or reduce the impact of this issue. A partial replacement of cement by titanium dioxide sludge using M25 grade concrete is discussed in this paper. At various phases, various tests were conducted, and it was determined that the replacement is a very good one in terms of strength and other factors. Waste sludge is used to replace cement by 5%, 10%, and 15%, respectively. These tests include compression, tensile and flexural strength tests.

Comparative Study on Bitumen Road and Plastic Bitumen Road by the Utilization of Plastic Waste in Flexible Pavements

Plastic waste generation and disposal significantly contribute to pollution and global warming. Plastics are not eco-friendly as they are non-biodegradable. The properties and strength of bituminous mixtures are enhanced by the inclusion of plastic waste. Moreover, it will be a solution for many other pavement issues like potholes, corrugation and so on. The waste plastic is crushed, coated with gravel, and joint with hot bitumen to produce a mix which is used to construct the roadway. Additionally one of the major advantages of using plastic in road construction which gives the high quality and provide longer lifespan for the pavement. In this paper, plastic wastes are used successfully in bituminous mixes to create flexible pavements as well as comparing the bituminous road with plastic bituminous road are evaluated in this work. There are two ways to include waste plastic into bituminous mixes: the Dry Method (DM) and the Wet Method (WM) are used in this work. The results indicate that waste modified bitumen mix gives good binding property, stability, density and more resistant to water